Recurrent Miscarriage Tests: What They Check
If you've experienced recurrent miscarriage, you're likely to be offered a series of investigations to look for a treatable underlying cause. This guide walks through what's typically tested, why, and what the results might mean for future pregnancies.
When Testing Is Offered
In the UK, investigation for recurrent miscarriage is usually offered after three consecutive first-trimester losses, though some clinics will start testing after two, particularly if you're over 35, have had a second-trimester loss, or there's another reason to investigate sooner. Your GP can refer you to a specialist recurrent miscarriage clinic, which some larger hospitals run separately from general early pregnancy services.
It's worth knowing upfront that in many cases, no clear cause is ever found — this doesn't mean nothing is wrong, and it doesn't mean future pregnancies won't succeed. Many people with unexplained recurrent loss go on to have a healthy pregnancy.
What the Tests Look For
A recurrent miscarriage work-up usually covers several areas at once, since there are a number of possible contributing factors:
- Blood clotting tests — looking for antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), a condition affecting blood clotting that's treatable with medication in future pregnancies
- Genetic testing (karyotyping) — chromosome tests for both partners, to check for a balanced translocation that could be passed on
- Pelvic ultrasound or hysteroscopy — checking the shape and structure of the womb for anything that might affect implantation, such as a septum or fibroids
- Thyroid function tests — an under- or overactive thyroid can affect pregnancy and is straightforward to treat once identified
- Cervical assessment — for later losses, checking whether cervical weakness may have played a role, which can be monitored more closely in future pregnancies
After the Results
If a cause is found — such as APS or a thyroid issue — there's usually a specific treatment plan for future pregnancies, such as blood-thinning medication or thyroid hormone replacement, which can significantly improve outcomes. If no cause is identified, your clinic will usually still offer closer monitoring and extra scans in early pregnancy next time, which many people find reassuring even without a definite diagnosis.
Frequently Asked Questions
When should I get tested for recurrent miscarriage?
Testing is generally offered after three consecutive miscarriages, though some clinics investigate after two losses, especially if you're over 35 or there are other risk factors. Ask your GP for a referral to a recurrent miscarriage clinic to get the process started.
Can recurrent miscarriage be treated?
Where a specific cause is identified, such as antiphospholipid syndrome or a thyroid condition, targeted treatment can meaningfully improve the chances of a successful pregnancy. Even without a clear cause, closer monitoring and extra support in early pregnancy is usually offered and can help.
Do both partners need to be tested?
Yes, genetic testing (karyotyping) is usually recommended for both partners, since a chromosomal issue carried by either person could contribute to recurrent loss. The other tests, such as blood clotting and pelvic scans, are specific to the person who has been pregnant.
This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice.
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